So phase 1 and people are absolutely necessary in the beginning...

As time passes, more automation....

 

 

Geological surveys, seeing how much of these resources and in what combination they should be used, research is needed.

 

But ingredients are there in Mars already, and that is the way to go about it.

 

Using the resource from Mars.

 

 

At the very basic level, at phase 1. There is already a permanent settlement.

 

However, at phase 2-3, it becomes a functional, presentable colony.

At phase 4, when one is able to return to Earth, it becomes a desirable choice to live in Mars.